GB13094-2017
The safety requirements for bus construction
客车结构安全要求
GB 13094-2017 is a current mandatory Chinese national standard for The safety requirements for bus construction. It appears in the Electronics compliance cluster with a product safety focus and has an implementation date of Jan 1, 2018.
Applicability depends on product scope, certification route, competent authority notices and transition rules. Requst for the translation or verify source before using this record in a compliance decision.
Compliance overview
Scope and applicability
GB 13094-2017 applies to M₂ and M₃ category buses, including trolleybuses (无轨电车). It covers single-deck and double-deck buses across Classes A, B, I, II, and III. The standard does not apply to sleeper buses, special school buses, specialized buses, or off-road buses. This standard is mandatory for all manufacturers of applicable bus types entering the Chinese market. It consolidates and replaces three former standards: GB 13094-2007, GB 18986-2003, and GB/T 19950-2005.
Technical requirements
The standard specifies comprehensive structural safety requirements across multiple domains. Key areas include axle load distribution and minimum passenger seating capacity calculations based on usable floor area. For rollover stability, the bus must not tip over when the test platform tilts to 28° on either side, with specific loading configurations for seated and standing passengers. Manufacturers must verify stability either through physical tilt testing or approved calculation methods. Fire prevention measures encompass fuel tank positioning (minimum 600 mm from front, 300 mm from rear), electrical wiring temperature resistance (≥125°C in engine compartments), flame-retardant interior materials (horizontal burn rate ≤70 mm/min per GB 8410-2006), and mandatory temperature alarm systems for engine compartments located behind the driver's area. Exit requirements define minimum numbers of passenger doors, emergency doors, emergency windows, and escape hatches based on vehicle length and passenger capacity, with specific minimum dimensional requirements for each exit type. Interior layout provisions cover gangway clearances using standardized measuring gauges, step dimensions, seat spacing (≥650 mm for forward-facing seats), standing passenger areas, handrail placement, and driver compartment protection. The standard also includes normative Annex A for wheelchair-accessible buses, specifying ramp slopes, lift platform dimensions, wheelchair restraint system testing, and priority seating requirements.
Testing methods
Key testing methods include: Static rollover stability test — tilting the bus at 28° on a test platform under specified loading conditions; alternatively, a calculation-based verification method (Annex B) may be used with parameters including mass, center of gravity height, spring stiffness, and tire stiffness. Door closing force measurement (Annex C) — measuring dynamic closing forces at specific points on power-operated doors using a calibrated load sensor, with effective force limits of ≤150 N. Wheelchair restraint system static and dynamic testing (Annex A) — applying prescribed forces (e.g., 11,100 N for M₂, 7,400 N for M₃) to wheelchair and occupant restraint systems, plus dynamic sled testing at 48–50 km/h with defined deceleration pulses. Gangway and exit clearance verification using standardized gauges (passenger door access gauge, gangway master gauge, emergency window gauge). Material flammability testing per GB 8410-2006 for interior materials and GB/T 2408-2008 for corrugated wire conduit. Trolleybus electrical insulation testing (Annex D) — measuring insulation resistance between high-voltage circuits and vehicle body using 1000 V megohmmeter, plus leakage current monitoring (≤0.2 mA under rated conditions).
FAQs
What products are regulated under GB 13094-2017?
GB 13094-2017 applies to M₂ and M₃ category buses, including single-deck buses, double-deck buses, and trolleybuses. It covers vehicle Classes A, B, I, II, and III. It does not apply to sleeper buses, special school buses, specialized buses, or off-road buses.
What are the main changes from the previous version of GB 13094?
The 2017 version consolidates three former standards (GB 13094-2007, GB 18986-2003, GB/T 19950-2005) into one. Key changes include: expanded scope to cover Class A and B buses, double-deck buses, and trolleybuses; new requirements for axle loads and passenger usable area; modified rollover stability test loading; enhanced fire prevention measures including temperature alarm systems; updated exit quantity and dimension requirements; new provisions for wheelchair accessibility (Annex A); and a dedicated annex for trolleybus technical requirements (Annex D).
How does GB 13094-2017 relate to international standards?
The standard references ECE R107 (Uniform provisions concerning the approval of M₂ or M₃ vehicles with regard to their general construction) in its bibliography, indicating alignment with international UN ECE regulations. However, GB 13094-2017 contains China-specific requirements, particularly for trolleybuses and domestic bus configurations, that may differ from ECE R107. Manufacturers should verify both GB and ECE requirements when designing for multiple markets.
The summary above provides a high-level overview of GB 13094-2017. To ensure complete compliance for your bus products entering the Chinese market, a precise and professional translation of the full technical specifications is essential. Purchase our high-quality English translation of GB 13094-2017 today to access all detailed parameters, dimensional tables, testing procedures, and normative annexes covering wheelchair accessibility and trolleybus requirements.
Applicability hints
- Type
- Safety
- CCS
- T09
- ICS
- 43.020
- Competent department
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
- Technical committee
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
Relationships
Replaces:GB 13094-2007, GB 18986-2003, GB/T 19950-2005
Replaced by:GB 13094-2025 (Upcoming)